Application progress of 3D printing technique in surgical diagnosis and treatment of hepatopancreatic diseases / 国际外科学杂志

Because of its high degree of malignancy and complicated anatomy,the malignant tumors of liver and pancreas have always been the difficult and important point in the field of surgery.As an interdisciplinary subject in the field of rapid development and medical surgery,3D printing technology has shown great application potential in surgical field because of its unique advantages of individualized medical treatment.3D printing technology has been gradually applied to clinical work by clinicians through the development of auxiliary surgical programs,improving the accuracy of surgery,and facilitating communication between doctors and patients.This article reviews the new application and new technology of this technique in the surgical treatment of liver disease and pancreatic disease.

Clinical efficacy of endoscopic nasopharyngectomy for initially diagnosed advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective@#To explore the clinical efficacy in patients who underwent endoscopic nasopharyngectomy for primary advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).@*Methods@#Forty-five patients who underwent endoscopic nasopharyngectomy for primary advanced NPC encountered between Aug. 2007 and Sep. 2015 were retrospectively reviewed. Twenty-seven patients were male (60.0%), and 18 patients were female (40.0%), the ratio of male to female was 3∶2. The median age was 53 years old (ranged from 13 to 75 years old). The median onset time was 5 months (ranged from 1 to 72 months). TNM stage: 16 cases were at stage Ⅲ (35.6%), 29 at stage Ⅳ (64.4%); T3 16 cases (35.6%), T4 29 cases (64.4%); N0 38 cases (84.4%), N2 7 cases (15.6%). No patients were found to have distance metastasis. All patients underwent endoscopic resection of lesions. Postoperatively all the patients were treated with radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy. Using SPSS 19.0 software, Kaplan-Meier and Log-rank test were done for the assessmen of survival rate; Cox proportional hazards model was used for the univariate analysis of prognostic factors.@*Results@#The median follow-up was 36 months (ranged from 6 to 97 months), with 36 cases surviving (80.0%), 9 cases died (20.0%); 15 cases relapsed (33.3%). The overall 1 year survival rates (SR), 3 year SR, 5 year SR was 90.6%, 81.0%, 76.0%, respectively. The survival univariate analysis indicated the recurrence and metastasis were correlated with the survival (χ2 value was 16.644, 6.451, respectively, all P<0.05).@*Conclusion@#The patients who undergo endoscopic nasopharyngectomy for primary advanced NPC have better survival rate with lower recurrent rate and metastatic rate.

Analysis of the characteristics of salvage endoscopic surgery for residual or recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma with different rT grading after radiotherapy / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective:To understand the characteristics and the treatment methods of the Salvage endoscopic surgery for residual or recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma（rNPC）with different rT grading after irradiation failure, and to explore the effect of different endoscopic procedures on the prognosis of the diseases.Method:Ninety-six patients who underwent endoscopic salvage nasopharyngectomy for rNPC in our department between June 2009 and March 2015 were retrospectively reviewed.All the patients underwent the corresponding salvage endoscopic surgery under general anesthesia according to the different rT grading and the patients with cervical metastasis received the radical neck dissection at the same time.Result:The number of the patients whose lesions were completely removed was 44(Total removal rate 45.8%),and the number of subtotal removal was 52(subtotal removal rate 45.8%),respectively.Postoperative follow-up continued until April 2015，the median follow-up was 19 months(1-57 months),the number of overall survival patients was 62(64.6%),the number of death was 34（35.4%）. The overall 1 year survival rate(SR),2 year SR,3 year SR were 83%,68%,63%,respectively.The median survival time was 43 months.Conclusion:The patients who underwent salvage endoscopic surgery for rNPC could have a good survival rate,and the different rT grading made the different methods to resect the lesions by the endoscopy. The use of frozen pathological examination during the operation to determine the negative rate of the surgical margins is the key to ensure the operation curative effect.

Effect and its significance of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway by controlling tumor marker CD44 on nasopharyngeal carcinoma SP cells / 中国耳鼻咽喉头颈外科

[ABSTRACT]OBJECTIVEThis study aims to explore the molecular mechanism and expression of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and tumor marker CD44 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells after transfection withβ-Catenin when the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway was blocked.METHODSSP cells and CD44+SP cells isolated from the nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line CNE-2 by flow cytometry were identified. Changes in the number and biological characteristics of CNE-2 and CD44+SP cells in vitro were investigated after the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway was blocked through siRNA.RESULTSSP cells accounted for 2.3% of nasopharyngeal carcinoma CNE-2 cells, andCD44+SP cells accounted for 36.5% of the SP cells. CD44+SP cells showed significantly higher in vitro proliferation and resistance to chemotherapy (P<0.05). After transfection withβ-Catenin siRNA, the proliferation, cloning efficiency, and tolerance to chemotherapeutic drugs of the cells were found statistical differences compared with those before transfection ofβ-Catenin siRNA. CONCLUSIONWnt/β-catenin signaling pathway abnormalities are closely related to the biological behavior of nasopharyngeal carcinomaCD44+SP cells. Interference of this pathway can change the characteristics of nasopharyngeal carcinoma stem cells.

Analysis of clinical efficacy and the quality of life after endoscopic nasopharyngectomy for residual or recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the clinical efficacy of patients who underwent endoscopic salvage nasopharyngectomy for residual or recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma (rNPC) after irradiation failure, and examine the quality of life (QOL) of them who were at different tumor stage and given different postoperative treatment.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Ninety-six patients who underwent endoscopic salvage nasopharyngectomy for rNPC between June 2009 and March 2015 were retrospectively reviewed. rTNM stage: 20 cases were at stage I, 16 at stage II, 44 at stage III, 16 at stage IV; rT1 22 cases (22.9%), rT2 16 cases (16.7%), rT3 42 cases (43.8%), rT4 16 cases (16.7%); rN0 92 cases (95.8%), rN1 2 cases (2.1%), rN2 2 cases (2.1%); No with distance metastasis. All the patients underwent endoscopic resection of lesions, and four cases with cervical metastasis received neck dissection at the same time.Postoperatively the self-reported, health-related QOL questionnaires were used to assess and compare the QOL of survival patients.SPSS 19.0 software was used to analyzed the data.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The overall 1 year survival rates (SR), 2 year SR, 3 year SR were 83%, 68%, 63%, respectively. The median follow-up was 43 months. Cox regression analysis indicated the complete resection for rNPC and pathology were two independent factors affecting survival. The QOL of patients who received endoscopic salvage nasopharyngectomy only were better than the patients who received concurrent chemoradiation therapy or chemotherapy.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The patients who underwent endoscopic salvage nasopharyngectomy for rNPC had a good survival rates and QOL.</p>

Expression and its significance of CD44 in SP cells of nasopharyngeal carcinoma / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#Discussion of expression and its significance of CD44 in SP cells of nasopnaryngeal carcinoma.@*METHOD@#Flow cytometry was used to sort cultured CNE-2 cells of nasopharyngeal carcinoma for obtaining CD44-SP and CD44+SP cells. Biological differences of CNE-2, CNE-2 SP, CNE-2 NSP, CNE-2 CD44+SP and CNE-2 CD44-SP cells were statistically analyzed by experiments such as cell migration experiments, plate clone formation assay, cell cycle analysis and sensitivity tests to chemotherapeutics.@*RESULT@#Two point 3 perent of SP cells were extracted from CNE-2 cells of nasopharyngeal carcinoma, among which 36.5% was CD44+SP cells. Abilities of proliferation, cell migration and plate clone of CD44+SP cells were significantly higher than other cells (P < 0.01), and its tolerance to chemotherapeutics was significantly higher too (P < 0.01).@*CONCLUSION@#The proportion of SP cells in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells was small, but SP cells had strong activeness in the aspect of cell proliferation with a "seed" characteristic of tumor cells. As CD44+SP cells played an important role in proliferation and chemotherapy resistance of nasopharyngeal carcinoma, it indicated that CD44 can be one of the surface markers of SP cells of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

The long-term clinical efficacy of endoscopic surgery of primary sinonasal malignant neoplasms / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To assess the long-term clinical efficacy of endoscopic surgery of primary sinonasal malignant neoplasms and find out the potential postoperative prognostic factors.@*METHOD@#Forty-three clinical cases of primary sinonasal malignant neoplasms treated under endoscopy were analyzed retrospectively.@*RESULT@#Fifteen patients died. The 1-year, 2-year, 3-year and 5-year survival rates were 83. 7% (36/43), 74. 4% (32/43), 69. 8% (30/43) and 65. 1% (28/43), respectively. Kaplan-Meier single-variable analysis showed that gender, T grade, TNM stage and pathological types of olfactory neuroblastoma were statistically significant prognostic factors (P< 0. 05). COX Pro-Portional hazard models showed that TNM stage was an independent prognostic factors.@*CONCLUSION@#Endoscopic surgery for primary sinonasal malignant neoplasms is a safe and effective minimally invasive surgical treatment, and it is an important supplement to the traditional surgery. Gender, T grade, TNM stage and pathological types of olfactory neuroblastoma might be significant prognostic factors.

Study on influential factors associated with the long-term effect of allergic rhinitis specific immunotherapy / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the influential factors associated with the long-term effect of allergic rhinitis (AR) specific immunotherapy (SIT).@*METHOD@#Retrospective analyzed the following visual analog scale(VAS) before and after the specific immunotherapy of 219 patients with allergic rhinitis. Logistic regression and pair t-test were used to explore the key factors influencing the prognosis.@*RESULT@#(1) The gender and the VAS before specific immunotherapy (P 0.05) were not associated with the long-term effect of specific immunotherapy; (2) Compared VAS of different endpoints with VAS before the treatment,there were significant differences. The primary endpoints were the time following no more than half a year (total effective rate: 50.0%), half a year to 1 year (total effective rate: 51.7%), 1 to 2 year (total effective rate: 47.1%), 2 to 3 year (total effective rate: 54.5%) and over 3 year (total effective rate: 40.7%).@*CONCLUSION@#Apart from the gender and the VAS before specific immunotherapy,genetic and other factors can not significant influence the long-term effect of specific immunotherapy. The effect of specific im- munotherapy seems to last for 3 years at least. Increasing stitches can not improve long-term effect of SIT,but it can consolidate the effect. The long-term effect of specific immunotherapy tends to drop off with fluctuations over time and the higher of VAS before SIT,the better effect of long-term SIT. Further more, the long-term effect of SIT of male is worse than female. In consequences, we speculate epigenetics related to the interaction between environmental factors and genetic factors plays an important role in the long-term effect of allergic rhinitis specific immunotherapy.

Endoscopic transnasal approach for nasopharyngeal angiofibroma without arterial embolism / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the feasibility of endoscopic resection without arterial embolism for nasopharyngeal angiofibroma and the strategy of decreasing the bleeding during the operation.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The clinical data of twenty-five cases of nasopharyngeal angiofibroma were retrospective analyzed, including 3 cases of Radowski stageIIa, 5 cases of stageIIb, 4 cases of stageIIc and with 13 cases of stage IIIa. All cases did not receive the arterial embolism, and controlled hypotension were adopted under endoscopic transnasal approach during the tumor resection. Two cases were added the labiogingival incision. During the operation, under the opening vision, cutting out the outside of the infratemporal fossa, and the pterygoid process to adequate exposure the pterygopalatine fossa and infratemporal fossa.Early recognition of anatomical landmarks and establish the safety plane, along the periphery of the tumor to proceed with micro-separation, early blocking tumor nutrient vessels, en bloc resection of the tumor and some other ways to reduce bleeding and tumor resection.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Amount of bleeding during operation was 600-1500 ml, none of them had internal carotid artery injury and intracranial injury or some other complication.Follow-up 2-3 years was available in all patients, except 1 case with residual of tumor surrounding the optic nerve, the other 24 cases had no residual tumor and relapses.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The preoperative occlusion and artery ligation may not be needed.Surgical technique is the key to reduce blood loss, and it is feasible to have endoscopic resection of nasopharyngeal angiofibroma with proper operating technique.</p>

Safety of rush allergen-specific immunotherapy in allergic rhinitis patients / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#The safety of rush immunotherapy (RIT) in Chinese allergic rhinitis (AR)patients is unknown. The purpose of this prospective was to assess the safety differences between RIT and conventional immunotherapy in Chinese AR patients, and then discuss the clinical application feasibility of RIT.@*METHOD@#A one-year study period was set for this study. The enrolled patients were divided into 2 groups according to their preference of therapy: RIT or conventional immunotherapy using standardized house dust mite allergen vaccine. For safety evaluation, the local and systemic adverse reactions were recorded throughout the both groups initial phase. Week 0 (W0), Week 2 (W2), Week 5 (W5), Week 17 (W17) were set as observation time points for leukotriene (LT-B4) and so on. The Generalized Mixed Linear Model with SPSS13. O and the chi-square test with SAS 9. 1.3 were used for Statistics.@*RESULT@#Fifty-two cases were enrolled into the RIT group, of which 49 patients have completed the established treatment study, and 3 cases were lost to follow-up. In the conventional immunotherapy group, 35 cases were enrolled, of which 32 have completed established treatment study, and 3 cases were lost to follow-up. The local and systemic adverse events of AR RIT appeared to be similar to those of conventional therapy and LT-B4 was descended steadily in the two groups.@*CONCLUSION@#Processed in advance Chinesear with drugs, RIT is similar to the safety of conventional immunotherapy.

A tentative exploration of multiplex methylation specific PCR for early diagnosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma / 实用医学杂志

Objective To explore the effect of multiplex methylation specific PCR for early diagnosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Methods The methylation status of 18 genes were verified by MSP from 35 early nasopharyngeal carcinoma andmultiplex-MSP was established through the optimized working condition for rapid detection of several genes′ methylation status. Results The methylation rate of 12 genes exceeds 50%. The methylation specific products in only one group (Segment U) did reach the expected results while those from the other three groups were consistent with the MSP′s. Conclusion Multiplex-MSP is an efficient and low-cost method, and it can produce ideal experimental results similar to those by the MSP and DNA microarrays.

The treatment of diabetes mellitus complicated acute necrotizing sinusitis / 重庆医学

Objective To investigate the treatment of diabetes mellitus complicated acute necrotizing sinusitis .Methods By way of reviewing the clinical procedures of 2 patients with diabetes mellitus complicated acute necrotizing sinusitis .Results In perioper-ative period ,by means of glycemic control ,anti-infection ,and emergency surgery to remove the necrotic tissue in nasal sinuses and open the sinuses ,one of the patients discharged from hospital after 8 days .He has been followed up for more than 4 years without recurrence ,and is still in follow-up .Due to complicating renal failure and ascites ,the another patient gave up treatment and dis-charged on the third postoperative day ,and died on the same day .Conclusion Glycemic control ,homeostasis ,surgical removal of necrotic tissue and anti-infection treatment in perioperative period as soon as possible ,is the key to a successful treatment .

Trans-sphenoid sinus-clivus endoscopic management of petrous apex cholesterol granuloma / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the endoscopic management of petrous apex cholesterol granuloma through trans-sphenoid sinus-clivus approach.@*METHOD@#One case of right-side petrous apex cholesterol granuloma were undertaken surgical treatment through trans-sphenoid sinus-clivus approach, then the possibility of any other approach and their advantages and disadvantages were analyzed.@*RESULT@#The operation was success without any complications. Patient's hearing was recovered and tinnitus vanished. The patient was discharge from hospital at the third day after operation, and followed up for four month without recurrence.@*CONCLUSION@#Trans-sphenoid sinus clivus endoscopic management of petrous apex cholesterol granuloma is effective and safe. The operators can monitor internal carotid artery then to access to the diseased region with reducing risk.

Clinical survey and analysis of allergic rhinitis patients' allergens in Guangdong developed and developing regions / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To survey and analyze the allergic rhinitis patients' allergens in developed region of Pearl River Delta and developing region out of Pearl River Delta in Guangdong.@*METHOD@#Sixteen standard allergens were adopted for skin prick test and correlation factors were studied on 858 cases suspected allergic rhinitis from developed region of Pearl River Delta and developing region out of Pearl River Delta. Two regions patients sorts of allergen and their detection rate were compared, and the relationship between allergen positive rate and age, gender, body weight, family history was analyzed.@*RESULT@#The 6 kinds allergen with higher positivity in developed region of Pearl River Delta are dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (55.4%), dermatophagoides culinae (53.9%), tropical mite (38.3%), dog hair (11.8%), blattella germanica (11.5%) and cat hair (8.1%); that from developing region out of Pearl River Delta are dermatophagoides culinae (50.4%), tropical mite(48.0%), dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (47.2%), blattella germanica (13.4%), cat hair (8.7%) and dog hair (7.1%). There is no significant difference of allergen positivity between the patients from the two regions except tropical mite. The positive rate in 15-18 years old patients was also different in the two groups. The positive rate was highest in the age from 19 to 30 years old,with a decreasing trend in younger and elder patients. There is no significant difference of the allergen positive rate between the both groups with body weight, family history and gender (P > 0.05). A higher allergen positivity was found in the patients with family history (P < 0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, dermatophagoides culinae, Tropical mite, dog hair, blattella germanica and cat hair are the major allergens in developed region of Pearl River Delta and developing region out of Pearl River Delta in Guangdong, but their ranking has some difference in the two regions. Patients with family history had a higher allergen positive rate.

Intravoxel incoherent motion diffusion-weighted imaging in differential diagnosis of primary nasopharyngeal carcinoma and nasopharyngeal hyperplasia / 中华放射学杂志

Objective To investigate the feasibility of diffusion-weighted(DWI) MRI on basis of the intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC),and the diagnostic value of pure molecular diffusion coefficient (D),perfusion-related diffusion coefficient (D *) and perfusion fraction (f) in first onset NPC.Methods From December 2011 to January 2013,40 consecutive patients (26 men,14 women; median age,52 years) with suspected NPC were examined on a 3.0 T MR scanner.DW imaging was performed by using a single-shot echo-planar sequence with 13 b-values (0,10,20,30,50,80,100,150,200,300,400,600,800 s/mm2).MR imaging was compared with endoscopy and biopsy for the detection of NPC.Mean interval time between MR imaging examination and subsequent nasopharyngeal biopsy was 3 days (range,0-11 days).The subjects were divided into 2 groups according to the pathological results,group A was subjects with NPC (17 men,9 women; median age,35) and group B was ones with nasopharyngeal chronic hyperplastic inflammation(NPH) (9 men,5 women; median age,35).The D,D * and f were measured and compared in patients with first onset NPC and nasopharyngeal hyperplasia (Mann-Whitney test).Results IVIM DWI was successful in 24/26 with NPC and 12/14 with NPH.D value was significantly lower in A group compared with B group [mean,(0.70 ± 0.13) ×10-3 mm2/s vs (0.78 ± 0.05) × 10-3 mm2/s ; U =2.05,P ＜ 0.05],as was f value [mean,(16.25 ±1.46) ％ vs (26.20 ± 3.90) ％ ; U =11.16,P ＜ 0.01].However,D* value was significantly higher in Agroupas compared with B group[mean,(161.8 ±23.56) × 10-3 mm2/s vs (55.28 ± 17.05) × 10-3 mm2/s; U =13.90,P ＜0.01].Conclusions IVIM DWI is a feasible technique for investigating first onset NPC and D value has a certain value in differentiating NPC and NPH.D* value has an important potential value in distinguishing benign and malignant NPC.

Role of TGF-beta, IL-10 and IL-17 in allergic rhinitis patients with specific immunotherapy / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To detect the level of TGF-beta, IL-10 and IL-17 in the allergic rhinitis(AR) patients pre- and post-specific immunotherapy (SIT).@*METHOD@#The level of TGF-beta, IL-10 and IL-17 in serum of 48 AR patients were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay before SIT. and the nasal symptom score (NSS) was evaluated in the first and second year after SIT. At the same time. 35 healthy persons were made as normal.@*RESULT@#(1) The level of TGF-beta and IL-10 in serum of AR patients were lower than that of normal group (P 0.05) when SIT was taken for one year.@*CONCLUSION@#IL-10 and TGF-beta were fluctuated in AR patients taking SIT, which raised first and then dropped. but the level of IL-10 and TGF-beta was higher than that of pre- immunotherapy. However, the level of IL-17 continuously declined in the whole process. It showed that the level change of IL-10, TGF-beta and IL-17 correlate with patients' symptom only two years after SIT,so the level change of IL-10, TGF-beta and IL-17 can be used as an index for evaluating the treatment effectiveness of SIT at that time.

Fluctuation of symptomatic VAS score during immunotherapy on allergic rhinitis / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To understand the fluctuation of symptomatic visual analogue scale(VAS)score and its reasons during the allergic rhinitis patients treated with single-mite antigen immunotherapy.@*METHOD@#Three hundred and seventy six patients with allergic rhinitis were treated with single-mite antigen immunotherapy and their symptoms were evaluated by VAS score and chart, the relative factors which could affect the symptom were followed up.@*RESULT@#During the allergic rhinitis patients treated with single-mite antigen immunotherapy, the symptomatic VAS score appeared fluctuation from the 8th to 34th time of therapy. The VAS score increased at the 8 th, 18 th, 22 th, 25 th, 29 th, and 34 th time. Afterwards, it generally decreased to a lowest level of the whole treatment process in the last. The comprehensive analysis implied that the factors resulting in VAS score fluctuation were patients expectation, emotion, socio-economic conditions, living environment, re-contact of allergen and children's unclear complain.@*CONCLUSION@#Patients' expectation, emotion, socio-economic conditions, living environment, re-contact of allergen and children's unclear complain can result in symptomatic VAS score fluctuation. It prompts that health education be necessary before the treatment of allergic rhinitis with single-mite antigen immunotherapy.

The short duration functional electrical stimuli do not cause mRNA expression change of K(ATP) channel and acute inflammation cytokine in recurrent laryngeal nerve / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate whether the inflammation response and K(ATP) channel damage happened because of acute injury after functional electrical stimuli (FES) act on the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN).@*METHOD@#Thirty rabbits were divided into 3 groups by 10 rabbits for each group. The unilateral RNL were stimulated by FES with cuff electrode in first group. There was electrode on the RNL without FES in second group. The third group was normal control. The electrical generator and isolation unit provide electrical stimulation to the RLN at 50 Hz, with 4 mA current, for 2ms pulse duration. The total train duration was 5 seconds (2 seconds on; 3 seconds off). The RLN were collected in 1 hour after 3 hours electrical stimuli. We measured mRNA expression of injury acute response inflammation cytokine IL-10, TGF-beta1, TNF-alpha and K(ATP) Subunit protein Kir6.1, Kir6.2, SUR2AB, using real-time reverse transcribed-polymerase chain reaction. PCR products were verified by electrophoresis in agarose gels. We investigated the vocal synchronic adductive movement with RLN FES by endoscopy. We investigated the nerve local RNL morphological burn. Data were analyzed with the One-way ANOVA analysis of SPSS version 13.0 for Windows.@*RESULT@#There were no significance difference among three groups in mRNA expression of inflammation cytokines IL-10, TGF-beta1, TNF-alpha and K(ATP) channel protein Kir6.1, Kir6., SUR2AB. We did not find the nerve morphological burn in all rabbits RLN. The vocal synchronic adductive movement were normal during stimuli time.@*CONCLUSION@#The short duration functional electrical stimuli do not cause mRNA expression change of K(ATP) channel and acute inflammation cytokine in recurrent laryngeal nerve.

Use maximum loudest phonation time to evaluate unilateral vocal cord paralysis voice / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To use the maximum loudest phonation time (MLPT) on evaluation of unilateral vocal fold paralysis.@*METHOD@#The MLPT, maximum comfortable phonation time (MCPT) and maximum phonation time (MPT) were tested and collected in 17 patients with unilateral vocal fold paralysis. The data of ratio value of MLPT to MCPT also was collected. The stroboscopy, perceptual measures and self-questionnaire also were used in evaluation of vocal fold and voice in all patients. Correlation coefficients were used as measures of agreement.@*RESULT@#MLPT was (5.0 +/- 4.0)s, MCPT was (5.4 +/- 4.1)s, and MPT was (6.1 +/- 4.5)s in patients. The MPT was composed of MLPT in 4 patients and MCPT in 13 patients. The MLPT/MCPTa was 1.08 +/- 0.47. MLPT was positively correlated with MCPT and MPT, respectively (r = 0.679, P < 0.01; r = 0.878, P < 0.01), and MCPT also was positively correlated with MPT (r = 0.993, P < 0.01). MLPT, MCPT and MPT was negatively correlated with G value which was from GRBAS scale, respectively (r = -0.620, P < 0.05; r = -0.564, P < 0.05; r = -0.665, P < 0.05). The MLPT/MCPTa was positively correlated with the value of question 4 from self-questionnaire (r = 0.534, P < 0.05). MLPT, MCPT or MPT had no correlation with self-questionnaire, GRBAS perceptual evaluation or stroboscopy measures significantly.@*CONCLUSION@#MLPT, MCPT or MPT can be used for evaluation of aerodynamic measures in unilateral vocal fold paralysis. The MLPT may be easiest to operate in clinic. The MLPT/MCPTa ratio can assess dysphagia in unilateral vocal fold paralysis patients.

In vivo experimental study on nasopharyngeal carcinoma with combination of pAdKDR-tk/GCV suicide gene therapy system and 60Co radiotherapy / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the killing effect of pAdKDR-tk/GCV suicide gene therapy system combined with 60Co radiotherapy on human nasopharyngeal carcinoma in vivo.@*METHOD@#The pAdKDR-tk/GCV suicide gene therapy system and 60Co radiotherapy were used separately or in combination for human nasopharyngeal carcinoma in vivo to compare their effects. The tumor growth curve and inhibition rate of tumor to the cure effects of the combination of the pAdKDR-tk/GCV suicide gene therapy system and 60Co radiotherapy.@*RESULT@#The inhibition rate of gene therapy alone and radiotherapy alone in curing the transplanted tumor in nude mouse subcutaneously was 58.43% and 70.88% respectively, and the combined application of gene therapy and radiotherapy exhibited stronger therapeutic effects (the inhibition rate was 84.39%, P<0.01), the mean tumor volume of the combination group was only 13.5% of the mean tumor volume of compared group, and it was obviously lower than the mean tumor volume of gene therapy alone and radiotherapy alone in the twenty-first day.@*CONCLUSION@#The combined application of gene therapy and radiotherapy has an obviously higher curative effect than simple therapy. This method would establish a theoretic and clinical basis for the research of combination of suicide gene system tumor vascular targeting treating and radiotherapy.